Which of the following defines a majority in decision-making?

A majority in decision-making refers to the need for more than half of the members present and voting to support a particular decision for it to pass. This definition is crucial in ensuring that any decisions made reflect the collective approval of the group involved, rather than just a simple count of votes.

When a decision requires a majority, it guarantees that a significant portion of those participating actively in the vote agree with the outcome, thus fostering a sense of legitimacy and accountability in the decision-making process. By focusing on only those who are present and voting, this definition ensures that the views of active participants are considered, rather than relying on the total membership, some of whom may not be engaged or present at that time.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the standard definition of a majority. For instance, considering all members present or more than half of the total members could lead to misinterpretation of the actual support for a decision, especially if some members are absent. Meanwhile, a simple plurality only requires the largest number of votes without necessarily achieving a majority, which does not ensure that more than half of the voters agree on a decision.