What term describes a type of motion that deals with special matters requiring immediate attention?

The term that describes a type of motion dealing with special matters requiring immediate attention is "privileged motion." Privileged motions are important because they take precedence over other types of business in a meeting, allowing members to address urgent concerns that cannot wait until regular business is concluded. These motions are essential for maintaining order and ensuring that critical issues are addressed promptly in a parliamentary setting.

In contrast, postponed motions relate to deferring discussion on a matter to a later time, which may not address the immediacy of certain issues. Incidental motions address secondary matters that arise out of the main motion, thus they tend to support the main business rather than address urgent items directly. Main motions propose new business for consideration, but they do not inherently provide the immediate attention that privileged motions are designed to invoke.