What is the discussion regarding the merits of a motion called?

The discussion regarding the merits of a motion is called a debate. In formal settings such as meetings or parliamentary procedure, a debate is essential as it allows members of the group to express their opinions, provide arguments for and against the motion, and ultimately contribute to the decision-making process. Debates can be structured with rules that govern how long each person can speak and the manner of engagement, maintaining order and focus on the specific topic at hand.

The other terms listed do not accurately capture the structured discussion surrounding a motion. A vote refers to the act of making a decision or expressing an opinion formally, typically after a debate has taken place. A discussion is generally more informal and does not inherently involve the same procedural guidelines as a debate. A session refers to a meeting or period of time when a body convenes but does not specifically denote the discussion of a motion's merits.